class II

IMO has always paid great attention to the advancement of navigational safety. Since 1959 a whole series of measures have been introduced, in the form of conventions, recommendations and other instruments. The best known...

The Long-Range Identification & Tracking (LRIT) system allow for the global identification & tracking of the ships. The function of the ships to transmit LRIT information & the rights & obligations of SOLAS Contracting...

Passenger ships & the ships other than passenger ships of 3000 GT & more built on or after 1st July 2002 must carry voyage data recorders (VDRs) to help in accident investigations, under regulations accepted in 2000,...

There are different acronyms that are generally used when referring to turbochargers with variable geometry turbines. In almost all cases these are or have been logo that the particular manufacturer has used with reference to their product....

Derating A vessel’s engine and propeller are optimized and designed for a given operational and max. speed. If the operational speed of the vessel is generally lower...

Out of the total operational costs of a ship, fuel costs account for by far the highest proportion. In view of the global economic situation and the rising oil prices, shipowners and charterers are...

Under the Port State Control (PSC), inspection of ships in port is done by the Port State Control Officer(PSCO). Annual data of Paris MoU confirms that a total of 74,713 deficiencies were recorded during port state control...

What is Virtual Tappet? Unlike Aux Engines which have a manual tappet to adjust, there must be a tappet clearance for the Main Engine as well. But with the absence of a rocker arm...

Condition essential for clean , crisp and complete combustion Adequate air at temp above self ignition temp of fuelAir of correct densityControl penetration Correct injector tip with orifice match above condition so providing correctly atomized fuel An additional...

Modern A.V.R. (Zener Bridge) Voltage through the Zener diodes remains almost constant independent of current variations.Smoothed D.C. output is applied to the voltage reference bridge.This bridge is balanced at the correct generator voltage output with no potential difference...